We need to make major changes in agricultural practices.

 Introduction: Hunger and poverty are the greatest enemies of humanity. Unfortunately, in today's world, these evils are rapidly expanding. At this rate, the world's population will exceed 8 billion by 2030, 9 billion by 2040, and 10 billion by 2050, and agricultural production will decline by 18%. 82 million people worldwide suffer from malnutrition.                                                                                                                                                                                   Deprived, on the one hand, people do not have the opportunity to eat on a full stomach, on the other hand, there is not a single region of the world that is not affected by the epidemic of obesity and overweight.                                                                                                                                                                                               According to the FAO, food production will have to be increased from 70 to 80 percent to avoid future food shortages,but the land is needed for livestock and crops, and we (humans) need mountain tops, glacial areas, and excluding the deserts, they have used as much land as possible.                                                                                                                                                                                             With the growing population, mankind has set aside more than 40% of the earth's surface for orchards, orchards, and livestock herd to meet the nutritional needs of the growing population. Has threatened the extinction of aquatic and wildlife by affecting the entire ecological balance of the planet.                                                                                                                                                          Agriculture is also an important environmental issue.The result of these human activities is also manifesting itself in the form of climate change. Severe weather conditions are causing a decline in production. According to the World Bank, the rate of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases from agriculture is currently 19 to 29 percent.And if left unchecked, it could escalate further.                                                                                                                                        Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, and many developing countries in the South Asian region are still using pre-Christmas farming methods, even today.Using oxen to plow. We can get more commodities all over the world just by adopting modern farming methods. Crop rotation around the globe (growing different crops on one land to prevent it from becoming barren) can make a significant difference in the field of agriculture.                                                                                                                                                                     And 7.5 million calories are obtained. On the other hand, if we cultivate yam and potato, the yield per hectare is much higher than that. Sweet potatoes provide 13 million calories and potatoes 92 million calories per acre, and their crops are able to withstand lifeless soil and climatic conditions for a long time to meet the growing population, after the Industrial Revolution in Europe.Yam was provided as a staple grain.                                                                                                                                                                            Because of these characteristics of sugar cane and potatoes, the Chinese government made potatoes a part of the national diet and in 2008 it was declared the food of the future.Therefore, we need to make major changes in agricultural practices  by using modern technology                                       

                                                                                                                 An interconnected system that includes computer devices, mechanical and digital machines, enables objects and humans to transmit data over a network by providing a separate identity and does not require any human-to-human or human-to-human interaction) Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) With fewer resources, more production can be achieved.                                                                                                                                                          According to the World Bank, the CSA's goal is to achieve three simultaneous achievements.                                                                                                                                                                                1. Increase productivity : The goal is to produce more crops to improve food and nutrition security, as well as to rely on agriculture for rural areas, especially for subsistence. To increase the income of 75% of the world's poor.                                                                                                                                                                                      2. Increase resilience :Farmers are less vulnerable to famine, plague, disease, and other traumas, and face long-term stress such as short season, bad weather. Improving crop growth by increasing production capacity.                                                                                                                                                                                           3. Trying to reduce the temperature per kilogram or per kilogram of heat produced, preventing deforestation and emitting carbon dioxide and other substances from the environment.                                                                                                                                             4. Identification of new ways to reduce greenhouse gases.Many principles and technologies have been adopted in the past to improve agriculture, but the CSA approach is different. First, it focuses on climate change.                                                                                                                                                                                          Second, the CSA includes a regulation to consider trade-offs and interactions between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, and to provide new funds in the event of a deficit in investment. Improved use of water in 44,000 hectares of agricultural land.                                                                                                                                               And the new technology has increased soil fertility by 12% for rice and 9% for maize, which has improved the environment and increased the income of 29,000 farmers. 

 Some other measures to increase production Greenhouses:According to scientists working on food technology, the southern Spanish desert of Tibernas is one of the driest places in Europe. In the sixties, the place was of great importance to filmmakers filming deserted, desert landscapes.                                                                                                                                                    But then flowers began to bloom on this land and today.   This barren desert is producing fresh vegetables and fruits for more than half of Europe.The credit goes to the greenhouses (the glass building in which plants are grown to protect them from climate change). It was started in 1963, by the Spanish institution Instituto Nacional de Colonización and developed some greenhouses under a land distribution scheme.                                                                                                                                                The clean fruits and vegetables grown in these greenhouses attracted investors from the Spanish province of Almeria. What and people started investing in the construction of greenhouses in Tibernas. Today, greenhouses cover 50,000 acres in the Tebernas Desert, and Elmira is adding  1.billion a year to Spain's economy.                                                                                                                                           The greenhouses in Tibernas are more than just an economic miracle.They are practical proofs of an idea. Using the environment and land for controlled ecological farming is a very good idea.                                                                                                                               The yield per acre of fruits and vegetables in greenhouses is much higher and healthier than the crop grown outside.  Just build roofs and walls around your crop and get rid of the hardships caused by the harsh weather, harmful pests to the crop.                                                                                                                                                       * Hydroponic  rig :The soil is removed and plants are grown in a mixture of sand, gravel, and nutrients (also using a method that yields a higher yield). If you want to further improve yields, use a 'hydroponic rig.”                                                                                                                                 In it, you can grow your crop on several floors in the same area. The hydroponic method was described by Columbia University professor Dixon Despomier eight years ago in his concept of 'vertical form.”                                                                                                                                                                According to Dixon, “Vertical (vertical) farms consisting of multistory high-tech greenhouses are a very straightforward and efficient method,but there are still some difficulties. While in the aeroponic method the roots of plants are deliberately left open in the air and the aeroponic system provides the necessary solution for plant growth in the form of fog,says Dixon Despomier, a professor at Columbia University.                                                                                                                                                                          Greenhouses in the Netherlands and Texas has been converted to 'Pink Houses.” The combination of light blue and pink lights in pink houses is used to plant growth. In the traditional method, plants use a maximum of 8% of the absorbed light, while the plants in pink houses use 15% of the light using for growth.                                                                                                                                                      Growth of plant in pink houses:                                                  This method of controlling light, temperature, and humidity in the air as well as possible is not possible in modern vertical farms and greenhouses that rely on sunlight. That is why the growth of plants in punk houses is 20% faster than that of plants grown in an open areas.                                                                                                                                                                                                           Unlike traditional methods, these plants use 91% less water and do not require herbicide, pesticide sprays,says Professor Cherry.  Consumers are getting fresh fruits and vegetables, and 40 percent of fresh tomatoes sold in U.S. stores alone come from greenhouses, but controlled environmental farming has overlooked less profitable commodities, rice, wheat, or kilns.                                                                                                                                                                         And these commodities provide 50% of the world's required calories. Investors are only growing those fruits and vegetables in greens or pink houses. Despite being an agricultural country, Pakistan is far behind the countries that have adopted modern agricultural technologies.                                                                                                                                                                      Conclusion :Pakistan has 21.2 million hectares of arable land and 80% of it is rich in water but despite this, we have not been able to achieve the position that we can easily achieve in agricultural production. If we still do not take the nails of consciousness, then the day is not far when people will heat the slaughter market for a one-time food.